Chapter 9 class 8

📘 The Amazing World of Solutes, Solvents, and Solutions

Class: 8   |   Subject: Science


🔹 1. What is a Mixture?

A mixture is formed when two or more substances are mixed together.

  • Uniform mixture: Looks same everywhere (salt + water)
  • Non-uniform mixture: Looks different (sand + water)

🔹 2. Solution, Solute & Solvent

  • Solution: Uniform mixture
  • Solute: Substance that dissolves (salt)
  • Solvent: Substance that dissolves solute (water)

🔹 3. Saturated & Unsaturated Solutions

  • Unsaturated: Can dissolve more solute
  • Saturated: Cannot dissolve more solute

🔹 4. Solubility & Temperature

  • Solids dissolve more in hot water
  • Gases dissolve more in cold water

🔹 5. Density & Floating

Density = Mass ÷ Volume

  • Higher density → sinks
  • Lower density → floats

🧪 Activity Zone

  1. Add salt to water until it stops dissolving.
  2. Put an egg in water → then add salt.
  3. Compare sugar dissolving in hot vs cold water.

📝 Revision Notes – Quick Exam Prep


🔹 Important Definitions

  • Solution: Uniform mixture of solute and solvent
  • Solute: Substance that dissolves
  • Solvent: Substance that dissolves solute
  • Saturated solution: Cannot dissolve more solute
  • Unsaturated solution: Can dissolve more solute
  • Solubility: Maximum solute dissolved at a given temperature
  • Density: Mass per unit volume

🔹 Important Formula

Density = Mass ÷ Volume


🔹 Key Points to Remember

  • Hot water dissolves more solids
  • Cold water dissolves more gases
  • Oil floats on water due to lower density
  • Ice floats because density of ice < water
  • Read water level at bottom of meniscus

🔹 Very Important Questions

  1. Define solubility.
  2. Why does ice float on water?
  3. Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated solution.
  4. Why do fish need cold water?
  5. What is density?

🔹 One-Line Answers (Rapid Revision)

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